Performance of Sand and Mixed Sand–Biochar Filters for Treatment of Road Runoff Quantity and Quality

Nature-based solutions and similar natural water retention measures to manage urban runoff are often implemented by cities in order reduce peaks, catch pollutants, improve sustainability. However, the performance of these stormwater management is relatively rarely assessed detail prior their construction, or monitored evaluated following implementation. The objective this study was investigate field-scale road filters with respect quantity quality. This synthesizes data from two intensive measurement surveys after construction sand biochar-amended filters. were able strongly control volume shape hydrograph. long-term about half that inflow, a hydrographic analysis showed significant but strong event-size-dependent detention both sand–biochar biochar amendment filter no clear hydrological impact. pollutant attenuation modest comparison observed under controlled conditions. impact layer on effluent quality as levels phosphorous, organic carbon, K, Ca Mg increased filter.